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Gene Probes

Biological techniques --- Neuropathology --- Molecular biology --- Neurobiology --- DNA probes --- Gene expression --- Neurobiologie --- Biologie moléculaire --- Sondes ADN --- Expression génique --- Technique --- Biologie moléculaire --- Expression génique --- Mammals --- Gene expression. --- Hybridization. --- Molecular cloning. --- Cloning, Molecular --- DNA cloning --- Gene cloning --- Cloning --- Genetic engineering --- Molecular genetics --- Clone cells --- Hybridisation --- Hybridism --- Breeding --- Heredity --- Mendel's law --- Genes --- Genetic regulation --- Nervous system. --- Expression

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Supernumerary B chromosomes (Bs) are dispensable genetic elements found in thousands of species of plants and animals, and some fungi. Since their discovery more than a century ago, they have been a source of puzzlement, as they only occur in some members of a population and are absent from others. When they do occur, they are often harmful, and in the absence of “selfishness”, based on mechanisms of mitotic and meiotic drive, there appears to be no obvious reason for their existence. Cytogeneticists have long wrestled with questions about the biological existence of these enigmatic elements, including their lack of any adaptive properties, apparent absence of functional genes, their origin, sequence organization, and co-evolution as nuclear parasites. Emerging new technologies are now enabling researchers to step up a gear, to look enthusiastically beyond the previous limits of the horizon, and to uncover the secrets of these “silent” chromosomes. This book provides a comprehensive guide to theoretical advancements in the field of B chromosome research in both animal and plant systems.

parent-of-origin effects --- fluorescent in situ hybridization --- coverage ratio analysis --- n/a --- ribosomal DNA --- reactivation --- cytogenetics --- epigenetics --- heterochromatin --- interphase nucleus --- whole genome resequencing --- transmission --- grasshoppers --- genome instability --- dot-like (micro) Bs --- ?s --- B chromosome --- supernumerary elements --- transcription of heterochromatin --- maternal X chromosome --- supernumerary chromosome --- population analysis --- supernumerary --- repeat clusters --- extra chromosomes --- genes --- tandem repeats --- B morphotypes --- repetitive DNA --- repetitive elements --- DNA copy number variation --- chromosome polymorphism --- satellite DNA --- mammals --- maize B chromosome --- additional chromosomes --- inactivation --- drive --- B chromosomes --- FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridisation) --- organelle DNA --- Orthoptera --- origin --- supernumerary chromosomes --- karyotype evolution --- GISH (genomic in situ hybridisation) --- DNA composition --- de novo centromere formation --- genomics --- paternal X chromosome --- euchromatin degradation --- supernumerary chromosomal segments (SCS) evolution --- centromere --- sSMC --- Prospero autumnale complex --- next-generation sequencing --- Drosophila --- host/parasite interaction --- Apodemus peninsulae --- genome evolution --- evolution --- teleost --- chromosome evolution --- microdissected DNA probes --- controlling element --- mobile element --- RNA-Seq --- karyotypes --- karyotypic characteristics --- RepeatExplorer

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This book focuses on conservation genetic (and genomic) papers that demonstrate applied outcomes that inform practical threatened species management. We cover a broad range of species and genetic approaches, but focus on how conservation genetic information is used to underpin management actions for species recovery. Through the exposition of a diversity of approaches, we aim to demonstrate to conservation managers and researchers how conservation genetics can inform on-ground species management.

small isolated population --- Mediterranean native trout --- morphological deformities --- Camphorosmoideae --- conservation genetics --- disjunct distribution --- population fragmentation --- population structure --- single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers --- genetic diversity --- population viability analysis --- allele retention --- translocation --- conservation management --- threatened marsupial --- remnant --- conservation --- natural hybridisation --- Eucalyptus --- high throughput sequencing --- NGS --- South Australia --- golden bandicoot --- southern brown bandicoot --- quenda --- phylogenetic --- taxonomy --- evolutionarily significant unit --- ecosystem engineer --- genetic rescue --- genetic restoration --- supplementation --- disease --- inbreeding --- genetic swamping --- locally unique alleles --- population genetics --- marsupial --- adaptive potential --- Leadbeater’s possum --- Gymnobelideus leadbeateri --- ex situ conservation --- Psittacidae --- Ara macao --- Xcaret --- captive breeding --- climate drying --- cpDNA --- ecotype --- Evolutionarily Significant Units --- gene flow --- geographic expansion --- patchy abundance --- phylogeography --- n/a --- Leadbeater's possum

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Most of the available studies on marine fungi are based on the isolation and identification of fungi from different surfaces (e.g., submerged wood, sediments, macrophytes), mostly in coastal benthic environments. However, recent evidence suggests that fungi are also present in the oceanic water column, most likely mainly associated to particles, with the genomic potential to significantly contribute to marine biogeochemical cycles. Still, we lack even basic information on the ecology of the oceanic mycobiome, precluding us from determining the ecological role of this enigmatic kingdom in our oceans. The aim of this book and Special Issue was to focus on the ecology of marine fungi. Topics include, fungal abundance, distribution, activity, and phylogenetic and/or functional diversity in coastal to open ocean environments, including seawater column and sediments, derived both from laboratory and field studies.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Ecological science, the Biosphere --- marine fungi --- oxygen minimum zone --- nitrous oxide --- diversity --- 15N tracer --- size-fractioned --- eastern tropical North Pacific --- metagenome --- emergency disposal of raw of sewage --- seaside air --- bioaerosol --- mold --- yeast-like fungi --- mycology --- fungal diversity --- Antarctica --- bioprospecting --- psychrophiles --- cold-adapted enzymes --- industrial applications --- blue biotechnologies --- mycobiome --- marine sponge --- Agelas --- mesophotic --- halophytes --- marine mycology --- salt marsh fungi --- worldwide distribution --- chloroform-methanol extraction --- HPLC-UV --- LC-MS/MS --- ergosterol --- pelagic fungal biomass --- fluorescence in situ hybridisation --- mycoplankton --- fungal cultures --- pelagic --- fluorescence --- novel lineages --- phylogeny --- genetic markers --- antimicrobial --- anti-cancer --- comparative genomics --- metabolites --- whole genome sequencing --- deep-sea sediments --- trophic conditions --- Ross Sea --- total extracellular enzymatic activity --- kinetics --- maximum velocity --- half-saturation constant

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This book focuses on conservation genetic (and genomic) papers that demonstrate applied outcomes that inform practical threatened species management. We cover a broad range of species and genetic approaches, but focus on how conservation genetic information is used to underpin management actions for species recovery. Through the exposition of a diversity of approaches, we aim to demonstrate to conservation managers and researchers how conservation genetics can inform on-ground species management.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- small isolated population --- Mediterranean native trout --- morphological deformities --- Camphorosmoideae --- conservation genetics --- disjunct distribution --- population fragmentation --- population structure --- single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers --- genetic diversity --- population viability analysis --- allele retention --- translocation --- conservation management --- threatened marsupial --- remnant --- conservation --- natural hybridisation --- Eucalyptus --- high throughput sequencing --- NGS --- South Australia --- golden bandicoot --- southern brown bandicoot --- quenda --- phylogenetic --- taxonomy --- evolutionarily significant unit --- ecosystem engineer --- genetic rescue --- genetic restoration --- supplementation --- disease --- inbreeding --- genetic swamping --- locally unique alleles --- population genetics --- marsupial --- adaptive potential --- Leadbeater’s possum --- Gymnobelideus leadbeateri --- ex situ conservation --- Psittacidae --- Ara macao --- Xcaret --- captive breeding --- climate drying --- cpDNA --- ecotype --- Evolutionarily Significant Units --- gene flow --- geographic expansion --- patchy abundance --- phylogeography --- n/a --- Leadbeater's possum